Jobs

Legal profession is a fast growing profession. In these days of globalization and liberalization, it  is likely to get further momentum as more lawyers would be required to handle cases arising out of  international trade and as a result of growing importance of WTO.At present there are more than 5,00,000 advocates in India and the number is swelling with 15,000 new enrolments every year. Lawyers are held in high esteem in a civil society as they render valuable service to all segments of the society by getting their constitutional and legal rights enforced through courts-civil or criminal, at all levels of judiciary, that is, Trial Court, High Court, Supreme Court or  Quasi- Judicial Institutions. Persons holding law degree or other higher legal qualifications have ample employment opportunities in private as well as public sector .It is their choice whether they opt for service or prefer to practice as a lawyer.

Legal Practitioner / Advocate / Legal Advisor

  Lawyers can work as legal counsel and legal advisors for corporate sector, firms, organizations, legal persons, individuals and families. They can work as trustees of various trusts, as teachers, law reporters, company secretaries and so on.  Additional law qualification along with other degrees offers scope for a wide range of employment opportunities. One who desires to become an advocate and practice law as a profession in India must have obtained basic law degree. He/ she should get himself/herself enrolled  with  State Central Bar Council as per provisions contained in the Advocates Act, 1961. Besides, he/she is also required to qualify in the entry test recently introduced by Bar Council of India failing which no one shall be enrolled as an advocate. An application for admission as an advocate shall be made in the prescribed form to the State Bar Council within whose jurisdiction the applicant proposes to practice.

Government Service

      Persons possessing requisite qualifications are recruited for Indian legal service against various posts– Legal advisors in Department of Legal Affairs and Legislative Counsel in Legislative Department. These officers can reach the level of Secretary to the Government of India with the passage of time according to their suitability.Likewise,  Legislative Counsels are also appointed in official languages Wing of the Legislative Department for Hindi and Regional languages-(Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada ,Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu). At the state  level, too, officers with legal qualifications and professional qualifications are also appointed against similar posts. However, designations may vary from state to state. Besides, Law officers/ Legal advisors are appointed in almost all the ministries/departments/ undetakings of the Govt. of India and State Governments. All these posts are generally filled up by recruitment through UPSC and State Public Service Commissions on regular/ deputation basis. Basic qualification for all these posts is a degree in law, besides a degree in Arts/Science/Commerce etc. and professional experience as per the requirements of each post. In addition to that members of Law Commission, Govt. Advocates, public prosecutors, solicitors, Attorney General, Advocate general, Notaries and Oath Commissioners as also legal secretaries  in assemblies ,staff in higher/lower judiciary/Quasi-Judicial institutions, Judicial members in CAT, Income tax, Sales tax, Excise and other tribunals are also appointed as per rules as and when the vacancies occur. However, fresh Law Graduates are appointed against non-gazetted posts generally equivalent to the post of Assistant in the Secretariat, such as Legal Assistants, Legal/Judicial Translators etc..

      They are also recruited as commissioned officers in the legal branches of the Indian Army, Navy and Air force. They conduct courts of enquiry and court martial of erring service personnel as per law.

Judiciary

      In the Judiciary, the lowest judicial cadre posts of Magistrate/Munsif or Sub-Judge are filled up by recruitment through public service commissions or otherwise under the supervision of the High Court. Basic qualification for all these posts is  a degree in law(professional) , besides a degree in Arts / Science / Commerce etc. and the age limit  for all these posts is generally 35 years which is relaxable for special categories as per rules. A Magistrate presides over criminal court and a Munsif/Sub-judge deals with civil cases. These officers can become  District and Sessions  Judge  by promotion and can also be elevated to the office of a Judge of the High Court and the Supreme Court subject to their seniority and suitability. Earlier District and Sessions Judges were promoted from those in service/ selected from  amongst the practicing lawyers but now in most of the states they are being recruited through competitive examination conducted by State commissions / High Courts.

Teaching

      Those with good academic record, particularly holding LL.M, Ph.D degrees or published work of a high standard, can take up jobs in any University or Institute offering law courses to students. There is wide scope for visiting professors as private universities are coming up in large number and they prefer such persons because of their eminence and acumen.

Writing/Editing Law Books/Journals/Reports

      If one is familiar with the complexities of law and the procedure and is in a position to understand the intricacies of case law and has a flair for writing he/she is fit to be an author of law books / legal commentaries and a proper person to bring out law reports, produce law journals, take up all other journalistic assignments and compile law lexicons.

Legal Outsourcing

      Legal Outsourcing refers to the practice of a law firm obtaining legal services from an outside law firm. This practice is, however, known as offshoring when the outsourced entity is based in another country. According to a report, India has huge potential in legal outsourcing, with the number of jobs in the field increasing to 79,000 by 2015, a study has said. The field of legal outsourcing was largely untapped.At present the number of jobs in legal outsourcing in India stood less than 12,000.The most important challenges to legal outsourcing included concerns about data security, conflict of interest rules, and the need for Indian lawyers to pass US bar examinations.

Some of details of various exams are discussed here  rest will be discussed later in the various posts of blog:

1. Uttarakhand Civil Judge Examination
2. U.P. Civil Judge Examination
3. Bihar Civil Judge Examination
4. Rajasthan CIvil Judge Examination.etc.

UTTARAKHAND CIVIL JUDGE (JUNIOR DIVISION) EXAMINATION
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

THE EXAMINATION WILL BE HELD IN THREE STAGES:

(A) Preliminary Examination (Objective Type)

(B) Main Examination (Descriptive Type) and Viva-Voce (Interview)

(C) Practical Examination (For basic knowledge of computer)

(A) PRELIMINARY WRITTEN ENTRANCE (SCREENING) EXAMINATION: 

The preliminary written entrance examination paper will be divided into two parts. Part-I will contain 50 marks and Part-II will contain 150 marks. There will be objective type test on the following subjects:-

Part-I :- General Knowledge

It will include day to day happenings around India and the World, particularly in the legal spheres. The questions may relate mainly to international law, neutrality, recent legislation pronouncement particularly Indian Constitution, law and development and legal aspects but it will not be confined to this only.

Part-II :- It will cover the following Acts and Laws –

1. Transfer of Properties Act
2. Principle of Hindu Laws
3. Principle of Muslim Laws
4. Evidence Act
5. Code of Criminal Procedure
6. Indian Penal Code
7. Civil Procedure Code

(B) Main written Examination and Viva-voce Examination(Interview): 
The examination will include the following subjects:

1. The Present Day (150 marks)
2. Language (100 marks)
3. Law: Paper I - Substantive Law (200 marks)
4. Law: Paper II - Evidence & Procedure (200 marks)
5. Law: Paper III - Revenue & Criminal (200 marks)
6. Viva-Voce (100 marks)

                                                        

1.      The Present Day - This paper is designed to test the candidate’s knowledge of the reactions to what is happening in India and the world generally at the present day, particularly in the legal sphere and also his power of expression in English. Questions, the answers to which should be in essay form will relate mainly to jurisprudence, international law, neutrality, recent legislation, particularly- Indian constitutional law and developments, especially on their legal aspect and so on but will not be confined to them. Credit will be given both for substance and expression; conversely deduction will be made for bad expression, including faults of grammar, misuse of words etc.

2.      Language - A passage in English will be set and the candidate will be required to translate it into the ordinary language spoken in the courts, using the Devnagri Script (30 marks). Likewise a passage of Hindi will be required to be translated in ordinary English language (30 marks) . There will be English Précis writing also (40 marks).

3.      Law: Paper I-Substantive Law - The questions set will be restricted to the field covered by-

                               I.            The law of contracts

                            II.            The law of partnership

                         III.            The law concerning casements and torts

                         IV.            The law relating to transfer of property; including the principles of equity specially applicable thereto

                            V.            The principles of equity, with special reference to the Law of Trust and specific relief.

                         VI.            Hindu Law

                      VII.            Mohammedan Law

4.      Law: Paper II - Evidence and Procedure - The field will be that covered by-

                                I.            The Law of Evidence

                              II.            The Criminal Procedure Code

                           III.            Code of Civil Procedure, including the principles of pleading.

The questions set will relate mainly to practical matters; such as the framing of charges and issues the methods of dealing with the evidence of witness, the writing of judgment and the conduct of cases generally but will not be restricted to them.

5.      Law: Paper III- Revenue & Criminal -

                                I.            U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act (as applicable in Uttarakhand)

                              II.            Indian Penal Code.

6.      Viva-Voce- The suitability of the candidate for employment in the Judicial Service will be tested with reference to his record at School, College and University and his personality, address and physique. The questions which may be put to him may be of a general nature and will not necessarily be of an academic or legal nature.

(C) FOR BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTER OPERATION PRACTICAL EXAMINATION:
Microsoft Windows Operating system and Microsoft Office (Maximum Marks – 100; Minimum Qualifying Marks to be obtained – 40; Time allowed: One Hour) The paper shall be set from the given syllabus broadly taking one question from each i.e. -
(1) Windows and internet.

(2) M.S. - word.

(3) M.S. - Access.

(4) M.S. – Excel

(5) M.S. - Power Point.

Each question shall have five actions to be performed on the system each having four marks. Printout of the output shall be taken and given for evaluation.

UTTAR PRADESH CIVIL JUDGE (JUNIOR DIVISION) EXAMINATION

THE EXAMINATION WILL BE HELD IN THREE STAGES:

1.                  Preliminary Examination - There will be Preliminary Examinationwhich shall consist of two papers of objective questions of multiple choice.

Paper No.1: General Knowledge

This paper will be of 150 marks and 2 hours duration.There will be a paper of “General Knowledge”. The paper may include questions based on topics relating to History of India and Indian Culture, Geography of India, Indian Polity, current national issues and topics of social relevance, India and the World, Indian Economy, International Affairs and institutions and development in the field of Science  & Technology, communication and space. 

Paper No.2: Law 

This paper will be of 300 marks and 2 hours duration. This paper will include day to day happenings around India and the world, particular in Legal spheres, Acts and Laws. The paper may include questions based on:

1.      Jurisprudence,

2.      International Organisations,

3.      Current International Affairs,

4.      Indian Constitution,

5.      Transfer of Property Act,

6.      Indian Evidence Act,

7.      Indian Penal Code,

8.      Civil procedure Code,

9.      Criminal procedure Code, Law of contracts.

2.                  Main Examination - The main written test amongst the candidates successful in Preliminary Examination, will comprise of five papers. 

a)      General Knowledge,

b)      Language

c)      Law-I (Substantive Law),

d)     Law-II(Procedure & Evidence) and

e)      Law-III (Penal, Revenue & Local Laws). 

Paper No.1: General Knowledge

This paper will be of 200 marks.

There will be a paper of “General Knowledge”. The paper may include questions based on topics relating to History of India and Indian Culture, Geography of India, Indian Polity, current national issues and topics of social relevance, India and the World, Indian Economy, International Affairs and institutions and development in the field of Science & Technology, communication and space. 

Paper No.2: Language 

This paper will be of 200 marks.

It shall comprise four questions as specified below:-

(ii)               Essay to be written in English -60 marks

(iii)             English Précis writing -60 marks

(iv)             Translation of passage from Hindi to English -40 marks

(v)               Translation of passage from English to Hindi -40 marks

Paper No.3: Law-I (Substantive Law)

This paper will be of 200 marks.

The question set will be restricted to the field covered by-

1.      The Law of Contracts,

2.      the Law of Partnership,

3.      the Law concerning easements and torts,

4.      the Law relating to transfer of property including the principles of equity specifically applicable thereto,

5.      the principle of equity with special reference to the law of trust and specific relief,

6.      Hindu Law,

7.      Mohammedan Law and

8.      Constitutional Law: There shall be questions of 50 marks in relation to Constitutional Law alone.

Paper No.4: Law II (Procedure and Evidence) This paper will be of 200 marks.

Questions set will be restricted to the field covered by-

1.      The Laws of Evidence,

2.      The Criminal Procedure Code and

3.      Code of Civil Procedure, including the principles of pleading. 

The questions set will relate mainly to practical matters such as the framing of charges and issues, the methods of dealing with the evidence of witnesses, the writing of judgment of session trials, appeals, revision and the conduct of cases generally but will not be restricted to them.

Paper No.5: Law III (Penal, Revenue and Local Laws)  This paper will be of 200 marks.

Questions set will be restricted to the field covered by-

1.      Indian Penal Code,

2.      the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act 1951,

3.      Uttar Pradesh Urban Buildings (Regulation of Letting, Rent and Eviction) Act 1972.

4.      U.P. Municipalities Act,

5.      U.P. Panchayat Raj Act,

6.      U.P. Consolidation of Holdings Act,

7.      U.P. Urban (Planning and Development) Act 1973, together with rules framed under the aforesaid Acts.

Answer to the questions of Local Laws will be compulsory. Questions pertaining to penal Laws will be of 50 marks, whereas, that of Revenue and Local Laws will be of 150 marks.

3.                  Interview - The candidates, who in the opinion of the Selection Committee qualify, after scrutiny of application and written test, shall have to appear for interview. The interview will be of 100 marks.

RAJASTHAN CIVIL JUDGE (JUNIOR DIVISION) EXAMINATION

THE EXAMINATION WILL BE HELD IN THREE STAGES:

Preliminary Examination

The Preliminary Examination shall be an objective type examination in which 70% weightage will be given to the subjects prescribed in syllabus for Law Paper-I and Law Paper-II and 30% weightage shall be given to test proficiency in Hindi and English language. The marks obtained in the preliminary examination shall not be counted towards the final selection.

Main Examination

The main examination shall consist of following subjects:

1.      Law Paper-I: 100 marks, 3 Hours

2.      Law Paper-II: 100 marks, 3 Hours

3.      Language

Paper-I Hindi Essay: 50 marks, 2 Hours

Paper-II English Essay: 50 marks, 2 Hours

4.      Interview: 35 marks

Syllabus for Main Examination

Law Paper (I)- 

1.      Constitution of India, 

2.      Civil Procedure Code,

3.      Law of Contract and Partnership,

4.      Law of Torts and Easements,

5.      Law of Motor Accident Claims,

6.      Law of Arbitration and Conciliation,

7.      Rent Control Law and Revenue Laws in Rajasthan,

8.      Law of Specific Relief,

9.      Hindu Law,

10.  Muslim Law,

11.  Law on transfer of Property,

12.  Law of Limitation,

13.  Law relating to Lok Adalats and Permanent Lok Adalats,

14.  Law related to Domestic Violence,

15.  General Rules (Civil) and Judgment Writing.

Paper is designed to test the practical knowledge of the candidates in civil law and procedure e.g. drafting, pleading, framing issues and writing out judgments etc., in Civil Cases.

Law Paper (II)- 

1.      Criminal Procedure Code,

2.      Law of Evidence,

3.      Indian Penal Code,

4.      Law on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances,

5.      Criminal Law related to protection of SC/STs,

6.      Law on Juvenile Delinquency,

7.      Law of Probation,

8.      Law relating to Dishonour of Cheques,

9.      Law relating to Electricity Theft,

10.  Law related to Cyber Crimes,

11.  General Rules (Criminal) and judgement Writing.

Paper is designed to test the practical knowledge of the candidates in criminal law and procedure e.g. framing charges and writing out the judgments etc. in Criminal Cases.

Language (Paper-I)  Hindi Essay - Essay writing and Grammar.

Language (Paper-II) English Essay - Essay writing, translation from English to Hindi and

vice versa and Grammar.

Interview

After the marks obtained by the candidate in written test have been received the Recruiting Authority shall call for interview such of them as have obtained a minimum of 35% marks in each of the law papers and 40% marks in the aggregate.

Provided that a candidate belonging to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe category shall be deemed to be eligible for interview if he has obtained a minimum of 30% marks in each of the Law papers and 35% marks in the aggregate:

Provided further that no candidate shall be recommended who fails to obtained minimum 25% marks in the interview.

MADHYA PRADESH CIVIL JUDGE CLASS- II EXAMINATION 

The Examination shall be conducted in three stages, namely,

(i)                 Preliminary Examination (Objective Type)

(ii)               Main Examination (Written Type)

(iii)             Viva voce (Interview)

The scheme of the examinations shall be as follows: -

Preliminary Examination

The preliminary examination shall be of the duration of two & half hours consisting 100 marks of 100 objective-type questions from the following :
First Part: Law: (Total questions 75 of 75 marks)

1.                  Constitution of India

2.                  Code of Civil Procedure

3.                  Transfer of Property Act

4.                  Contract Act

5.                  Specific Reliefs Act

6.                  Limitation Act

7.                  MP Accommodation Control Act

8.                  MP Land Revenue Code

9.                  Indian Evidence Act

10.              Indian Penal Code

11.              Code of Criminal Procedure

12.              Negotiable Instruments Act

Second Part:

1.                  General Knowledge (Questions- 15, Marks- 15)

2.                  Computer Knowledge (Questions- 05, Marks- 05)

3.                  English Knowledge (Questions- 05, Marks- 05)

Main Examination (Written) (Max. Marks 100)

Mains Examination consists of four Question Papers each paper carrying 50 marks. First and Second Question Papers will be given together while Third and Fourth Question Papers will be given together. The time period will be of 3 hours.

First Question Paper: (Total Marks- 50)

1.                  Constitution of India

2.                  Code of Civil Procedure

3.                  Transfer of Property Act

4.                  Contract Act

5.                  Specific Reliefs Act

6.                  Limitation Act

Second Question Paper: (Total Marks- 50)

1.                  MP Accommodation Control Act

2.                  MP Land Revenue Code

3.                  Indian Evidence Act

4.                  Indian Penal Code

5.                  Code of Criminal Procedure

6.                  Negotiable Instruments Act

Third Question Paper: (Total Marks- 50)

1.                  Writing (150 words) on Social Issue- 15 marks

2.                  Writing (150 words) on Legal Issue- 10 marks

3.                  Summerization (Legal- in Hindi)- 10 marks

4.                  Summerization (Legal- in English)- 15 marks

Fourth Question Paper: (Total Marks- 50)

1.                  Judgement/ Order (Civil) Writing- 30 marks

2.                  Judgement/ Order (Criminal) Writing- 20 marks

Viva-voce (Interview)

The maximum marks for viva-voce would be 25. 

DELHI CIVIL JUDGE (JUNIOR DIVISION) EXAMINATION

Delhi Judicial Service Examination is conducted in two successive stages:
(A) Preliminary Examination

(B) Main Examination

Preliminary Examination

Preliminary Examination being a screening test, consists of one paper of multiple choice type questions carrying maximum of 200 marks with 25% negative marking to test general knowledge and aptitude of the candidate, power of expression, flare in English, knowledge of objective type legal problems and their solutions covering-

1.                  Constitution of India

2.                  Indian Penal Code

3.                  Criminal Procedure Code

4.                  Civil Procedure Code

5.                  Indian Contract Act

6.                  Indian Partnership Act

7.                  Arbitration Law

8.                  Indian Evidence Act

9.                  Specific Relief Act

10.              Indian Limitation Act etc.

Main Examination

The main examination shall include the following subjects-

(1) Essay and General Knowledge (150 marks)

This paper is designed to test the candidate's knowledge of current affairs and power to express in English. Credit shall be given both for substance and expression. Conversely, deduction will be made for bad expression, fault of grammer and misuse of words etc.

(2) Language (100 marks)

There will be one paper in two parts. The first part would contain a passage to be translated from English to Hindi (in Devnagri script). In the second part a passage in Hindi (in Devnagri script) shall be required to be translated into English. Each part carries 50 marks.

(3) Civil Law- I (200 marks)

·                     Indian Contract Act

·                     Indian Sales of Goods Act

·                     Indian Partnership Act

·                     Specific Relief Act

·                     Delhi Rent Control Act

·                     Hindu Law

·                     Mohammadan law

·                     Law of Torts

(4) Civil law- II (200 marks)

·                     Civil Procedure Code

·                     Law of Evidence

·                     Law of Limitation

·                     Law of Registration

(5) Criminal Law (200 marks)

·                     Indian Penal Code

·                     Criminal Procedure Code

·                     Indian Evidence Act

Viva-Voce (100 marks)

Marks obtained in the viva voce will be added to the marks obtained in the main examination (written) and the candidate's position will depend on the aggregate of both. Marks obtained in the preliminary examination will not be counted for determining final order of merit.

Notes:
(1) Minimum qualifying marks shall be 60% for General candidate and 55% for SC/ ST candidates for being selected in the Main Examination.
(2) Only such candidates who have obtained 40% (SC/ ST 35%) marks in each written paper and 50% (SC/ ST 45%) marks in the aggregate will be called for Viva-Voce.
(3) The marks obtained in the Interview will be added to the marks obtained in the written papers and the candidate place will depend on the aggregate of both.
(4) The suitability of candidates for employment in DJS will be tested with reference to his merit giving due regard to his ability, character, personality and physique.

BIHAR CIVIL JUDGE (JUNIOR DIVISION) EXAMINATION

THE EXAMINATION WILL BE HELD IN THREE STAGES:

 (A) Preliminary (Objective Type)

(B) Mains (Written Type)

(C) Personality Test (Interview)

Syllabus of Preliminary Examination

It will consist of two papers:

1.      First Paper: (100 Marks)

                                i.            General Knowledge

                              ii.            General Science

2.      Second Paper: (150 Marks)

                                i.            Law of Evidence and Procedure

                              ii.            Constitutional Law of India and England

                            iii.            Hindu Law and Mohammadan Law

                            iv.            Transfer of Property Act, Principles of Equity, Law of Trusts and Specific Relief Act

                              v.            Law of Contract and Torts

                            vi.            Commercial Law

a.       Sale of Goods Act

b.       Negotiable Instruments Act

c.       Company Law

d.      Partnership Act

Syllabus of Mains Examination: It is mainly devided into two parts:

(A)  Compulsory Paper

·                     General Knowledge (150 Marks)

·                     General Science (100 Marks)

·                     General Hindi (100 Marks)

·                     Law of Evidence and Procedure (150 Marks)

(B)   Optional Paper

·                     Constitutional Law of India and England (150 Marks)

·                     Hindu law and Mohammadan law (150 Marks)

·                     Transfer of Property Act, Principles of Equity, Law of Trusts and Specific Relief Act (150 marks)

·                     Law of Contract and Torts (150 Marks)

·                     Commercial Law (150 marks)

i.                    Sale of Goods Act

ii.                  Negotiable Instruments Act

iii.                Company Law

iv.                Partnership Act

Note:

A.    Out of 5 (five) Optional Papers candidate has to opt only 3 (three) papers.

B.     Hindi Paper is only of qualifying nature. Each candidate must score minimum of 30 marks out of 100 marks, but the marks obtained therein will not be added in the overall total in deciding the merit.